Free Nutritious Meals as a Constitutional Right An Ethical and Maqashid Shariah Perspective in Indonesia

Main Article Content

Rizki Amalia Putri
Siti Musfiqoh

Abstract

Abstrak: Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) menjadi salah satu kebijakan strategis pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan mengatasi persoalan ketimpangan gizi di Indonesia. Namun, implementasi kebijakan ini masih memunculkan perdebatan mengenai posisinya, apakah sebagai bentuk amal sosial (charity) atau sebagai hak konstitusional warga negara (right). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebijakan MBG melalui perspektif etika keadilan John Rawls dan maqashid syariah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-konseptual melalui studi literatur terhadap regulasi, teori keadilan, serta prinsip-prinsip maqashid syariah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan MBG lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai hak konstitusional daripada sekadar bentuk bantuan sosial. Dalam perspektif Rawls, negara berkewajiban menjamin distribusi kesejahteraan secara adil bagi kelompok rentan, terutama anak-anak dan masyarakat miskin. Sementara itu, dalam maqashid syariah, pemenuhan gizi berkaitan dengan perlindungan jiwa (hifz al-nafs) dan keturunan (hifz al-nasl) sebagai bagian dari tujuan utama syariat. Penempatan MBG sebagai hak konstitusional memiliki implikasi terhadap pentingnya tata kelola kebijakan yang transparan, berkelanjutan, dan berbasis keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kebijakan pangan bergizi tidak hanya berorientasi pada aspek kesejahteraan, tetapi juga merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab negara dalam memenuhi hak dasar warga negara.


 


Abstract: The Free Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) has become one of the Indonesian government’s strategic policies to improve the quality of human resources and address nutritional inequality. However, its implementation has generated debate regarding whether the policy should be positioned as a form of social charity or as a constitutional right of citizens. This study aims to analyze the MBG policy through the perspectives of John Rawls’ theory of justice and maqashid sharia. This research employs a qualitative method with a normative-conceptual approach through literature review of regulations, theories of justice, and principles of maqashid sharia. The findings indicate that the MBG policy is more appropriately positioned as a constitutional right rather than merely a social assistance program. From Rawls’ perspective, the state is obligated to ensure fair distribution of welfare for vulnerable groups, particularly children and low-income communities. Meanwhile, within the framework of maqashid sharia, nutritional fulfillment is closely related to the protection of life (hifz al-nafs) and the protection of future generations (hifz al-nasl) as fundamental objectives of Islamic law. Positioning MBG as a constitutional right has implications for the importance of transparent, sustainable, and socially just policy governance. This study emphasizes that nutritious food policies are not only welfare-oriented programs, but also represent the state’s responsibility to fulfill the basic rights of its citizens.

Article Details

How to Cite
Putri , R. A. ., & Musfiqoh, S. . (2025). Free Nutritious Meals as a Constitutional Right: An Ethical and Maqashid Shariah Perspective in Indonesia. Journal of Integrative Sustainability and Ethics, 1(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.15642/jibec.2025.1.2.159-168
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