Integration of Biometric Technology in the Islamic Banking System Maqāṣid Sharia Analysis and Contemporary Fatwa
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Abstract
The integration of biometric technology in Islamic banking has become a transformative force in enhancing identity verification, transaction security, and digital service efficiency. This study critically examines the application of biometrics—such as fingerprint, facial, and iris recognition—through the lens of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, emphasizing principles like the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl) and life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), while also addressing ethical concerns surrounding privacy (sirr). Utilizing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, the research analyzes official fatwas from recognized Islamic legal bodies (MUI, IIFA, AAOIFI), scholarly literature, and institutional policies to assess the shariah permissibility and ethical implications of biometric use in banking. The findings reveal a broad scholarly consensus that biometric technology is permissible (mubāḥ) when used with informed consent, for legitimate purposes, and under robust data protection standards. The study highlights a pressing need for contemporary fatwas and policy innovations that reflect the rapid evolution of digital technologies while safeguarding individual rights. Its key contribution lies in offering a maqāṣid-based evaluative framework that bridges Islamic legal theory and modern fintech ethics. This research paves the way for future empirical inquiries into user perceptions, regulatory readiness, and the comparative effectiveness of biometric authentication versus other digital tools in Islamic financial ecosystems.
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